Change Management in Semantic Web Services

Change Management in semantic meshing ServicesChange Management in Semantic sack up Services in Legal Domain using FSM XXMIntroductionWith the new paradigm of Service Oriented Computing, many enterprises attempt to utilize go as fundamental elements for developing applications/solutions as an additive socio-economic class on top of existing components. The Web Service Controller Architecture (WSCA) for dish up- ground, enterprise-scaled business solutions provides exactly this flexibility. The bearing, exposure and management of go stub be accomplished through a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that supports the usage, composition and coordination of wait on of processs in a loosely coupled manner. Web go appear to be particularly suitable for addressing these aspects of a SOA. Furthermore, composition languages such as BPEL add value by composing Web religious benefit and facilitating the implementation of business processes. As the SOA paradigm brings this big be havior flip-flop relying on loose coupling of services it raises new questions in the ara of interchange management. Change management is a central aspect in any software spirit, but its complexity for Web services is increased by both composition languages and loose coupling. The resulting advantages like composability, autonomy, essence-based communication, and the avoidance of combined compilation and binding prove to be deficiencies in this context.In this publisher we discuss these elementary challenges of change management in the area of Web services (Web Service Change Management, WSCM). Currently there are no ripe mechanisms and engineering principles for changing Web services and their related entities. Through analysis of a suitable scenario, specifically looking at the details of the Web service provider and consumer roles, one canister identify the various problems that exist in this range. Therefore we will start our approach with the consideration of an applic ation scenario from the business domain of application and change management, the addition of Web services in private legal sphere.An Overview of a WSCAA WSCA consists of several autonomous outsourced Web services, but acts as a virtually coherent entity. Business entities, in the hold of Web services, are often geographically distributed and organizationally indep repealent. While WSCA has a potential to instal new business opportunities through dynamic alliances, the challenges of fully realizing a WSCA lie in managing changes during its lifecycle through Extreme X Machines (XXM).XXMIn this paper we explore the design changes as made to software projects by the useof a formal model known as Extreme X-Machines (XXM) 5,6, whichare based on the fly the coop of Eilenberg and Holcombe 7,8. An XXM model describes the functionality of the software without defining exactly how this functionality is achieved. This perspective allows an analysis of functional change whilst excluding spec ific implementation or requirements issues.XXM are a state based model, they are int annihilateed to be apply by developers as a method to designtheir system of ruless from at the top take aim but here, XXM are used as effectively to analyze and incorporate changes in, even addition of new web services. Each model typically consists of a crash of states which stop to screens in the final system and functions which link the screens together. The functions are typically labeled with an enabling action such as click_ok which corresponds to a user clicking the OK button.Figure depicts the computer architecture of a WSCA. There are twain key components and two musical accompaniment components in this architecture. The key components include a WSCA schema and a WSCA instance. The two supporting components include ontology providers and Web service providers. WSCA schema A WSCA schema consists of a set of abstract services and the relationships among these services. An abstract ser vice specifies one type of functionality provided by the Web services. They are not bounded to any concrete services. They are defined in terms of service concepts in a Web service ontology.WSCA instance A WSCA instance is a composition of a set of concrete services, which instantiates a WSCA schema. It actually delivers the functionality and performance of a WSCA. Ontology providers The ontology provider manages and maintains a set of ontologies that describe the semantics of Web services. A WSCA outsources semantics from an ontology provider to build up its schema. Web service providers The Web service providers offer a set of Web services, which can be outsourced to form WSCA instances.The lifecycle of a WSCA is a series of stages through which it passes from its inception to its termination. There are four phases in a WSCA lifecycle initiation, composition, service-orchestration and termination. The initiation phase is the rootage stage, where the WSCA is described at a high le vel. It is initiated when the owner of the WSCA establishes a need for a business objective 53.The composition phase deals with integrating the selected Web services 42. After this, the selected Web services are orchestrated to provide the value-added service. The termination phase occurs when the owner of the WSCA decides that the execution of the WSCA is no longer required.To materialize the concept of WSCA, the WSCA mustiness automatically adapt to its dynamic environment, i.e., to deal with changes during its life quantify. Because of the dynamic nature of Web service infrastructure, changes should be considered as the rule and managed in a structured and overbearing way 52. Changes whitethorn be introduced by the occurrence of new market interests, new business regulation, or underlying service availability. Such changes require a corresponding modification of the WSCA structure with respect to the functionality it provides and the performance it delivers.Once a change occurs , a WSCA must react in a reasonable time and realign itself to deal with the change. This alignment must be performed in an automatic manner considering the frequent occurrence of the changes to a WSCA. By doing this, the WSCA can not plainly deal with unanticipated changes to the underlying services and infrastructure, but also maximize its market value, optimize functionality outsourcing, and maintain competitiveness.Problem FormulationThe problem with the existing system of legal decision making process is thatThere is no universal coalition body to unite the various modules of law in private sector likeA Public Interface to query for a caseOnline allotment of Advocates to usersJudgmentsUnion of India (to export Central Acts and Amendments)State Acts (to export State Acts and Amendments)The satisfying system of legal enactment starting from user query, allotment of Advocate, and referring images is not under a single roof.Due to inadequacy of getting the latest and updated Act s or Amendments, sometimes old acts are cited which later cause problems when the case is taken up in courts. This is a cause of embarrassment to the lawyer.In the existing strategy there is no spontaneous notification to the legal bodies regarding a change in the Acts. They themselves have to search for it on internet or find them in the latest issues. The problem is that they are not notified about the change in Acts automatically.Proposed SolutionThe need is to have an automated Legal System in India, at least at the private level. And this automation should be done with the most contemporary and best suited group of technologies. The problem uncovers the major issue of incapableness of notification of changed Acts or Amendments to the related bodies.The proposed WSCA model namely LegalCosmos functions to provide a comprehensive Legal Solution that outsources the functionality from various service providers, such as WS_IndianUnionAmmendments, WS_StateActAmmendments, WS_PublicInt erface, WS_AdvocateAssociation, WS_Judgments ( portrayed in Figure 1.2).The user in need of a legal solution makes use of the web service WS_PublicInterface and submits his, here accused, details and the details of the FIR filed by the complainant and forwards the FIR details like Case Crime No, Name, crime, date etc., to the WSCA which allots a Lawyer for the case with the help of WS_AdvocatesAssociation. An interested user (may be lawyer or a normal user) can find the details of the judgments through the WS_Judgments service. When a judgment is made the WS_Judgment web service provides the user with the model of the order of the judgment.When these services are combined together as a WSCA, the WSCA will invoke the services on behalf of the user. There may potentially be some dependency relationship between them. These dependencies determine the composition of the services. In the case of the LegalCosmos WSCA,users do not necessarily need to provide the information for apiece ser vice. The input of some services can be derived from the dependency relationship. Like in WS_AdvocateAssociation selected advocate details are directly passed to the WS-Judgments.Fig. Change answer for adding two new web services WS_UnionOfIndia, WS_StateActsWSCA Schema using Finite State MachineDefinition FSMis a mathematicalmodel of computationused to design bothcomputer programsandsequential logiccircuits. It is conceived as anabstract motorcarthat can be in one of a finite number ofstates. The machine is in only one state at a time the state it is in at any given time is called thecurrent state. It can change from one state to another when initiated by a triggering event or condition this is called atransition. A particular FSM is defined by a reheel of its states, and the triggering condition for each transition.Fig. WSCA Schema (A simple XXM)Change Management in LegalCosmosThe change management in the proposed LegalCosmos WSCA primarily deals with the change in Acts in the form of Amendments. This change origins from the addition of two web services provided by the Union of India that produces amendments at the central level and the State Acts that produces amendments at the State level. Since these changes are initiated by the outsourced service providers and incorporate an alteration in web service. They form the part of bottom up changes.The bottom-up approach for managing changes is highly dependent on the services that compose the WSCA. Therefore, it is necessary to first define the changes that occur to Web services, and then map them onto the business level. These changes include activating changes that occur at the service level and WSCA changes that are executed at the business level. Finally, we provide rules for social occasion triggering changes to their respective reactive changes.In our work, we admit that activation changes occur asynchronously. For instance, the WS_PublicInterface service may not change its data types part the acti vation change of unavailability is being managed. Another assumption we make is that the service is associated with a set of states. We associate each change with a transition between two states precondition and postcondition.For example, a precondition for PIs unavailability is that it was previously available and the postcondition is that it has become unavailable. Activation changes and their respective preconditions and postconditions will later be used to model changes using FSM and XXM.Fig. Activation ChangesNon-Functional ChangesNon-functional changes represent the reliability, usability, and trust associated with a member service. This information may be stored by a third party, the WSCA, or member services. We assume the information is stored as attributes that are maintained by an independent third party service provider. Changes to the trustworthiness of a Web service relate to the security, reputation, and privacy of a Web service. Changes in usability are dependent on the responsiveness and service cost. Finally, changes to dependability are associated with the availability and reliability of the Web service. Changes to service dependability are binary, because they represent two distinct states. For example, a service may either be available or unavailable. Alternatively, changes to service trust and usability are non-binary. Forinstance, service cost may assume more than two values during a member services lifetime. Therefore, we assume that a doorsill is set and maintained by the WSCA. This threshold declares the minimum and maximum intervals of a value accepted by the WSCA. For example, the WSCA has the threshold of minimum $5 and maximum $10 for any judgment service cost. Every time a change occurs to the cost of a member judgment service, it is compared with the threshold. Only if the change exceeds the threshold, we consider that a triggering change has occurred. Note that the changes we have defined, such as changes to availability, are applicable to member services only. Once a member service is replaced, it is no longer part of the change management mechanism. For example, the e-Acts member service EA1 may become unavailable, and prompt the WSCA LegalCosmos to select an alternate e-Acts service EA2. After some time, EA1 may become available. However, since it is no longer a part of the LegalCosmos LCS, the LegalCosmos WSCA does not manage the change in EA1. Table 6.1.1.1 summarizes the non-functional changes in Web services.Non-Functional ChangesFig. Non-Functional ChangesFunctional ChangesUnlike non-functional changes, which are based on attributes, functional changes deal with changes to a services WSDL description 22. We represent functional changes as a combined execution of a remove followed by an add. We further classify functional changes into structural and behavioral changes (Figure 6.1). Structural changes refer to the operational aspects of a Web service. For example, a structural change in a PI servic e can be caused by changing the operations offered to a user. Changes to the behavior of a Web service are indicated by changing its interaction with external entities. Functional changes to a member Web service occur when its WSDL description is modified. We assume these changes are initiated by the service provider.Fig. Functional ChangesXXM for Existing LegalCosmos WSCA, when Functional Changes are not introduced (before the removal of e-Acts web service)The key functional changes involved here areRemoval of e-Acts web service (E-Copy of acts) shown in dashed rectangle. It has to be removed as it gives only immutable acts and does not involve latest amendments done by the Bare Acts. This causes problems to the WSCA in maintaining latest updates of the amendments and sometimes leads to false application of acts.A new web service called WS_UnionOfIndia is added to the WSCA which supplies the latest acts and amendments to WSCA. The Union of India is responsible for making and amendi ng acts on the Central level.A new web service called WS_StateActs is added to the WSCA which supplies the latest acts and amendments to WSCA. The State Acts is responsible for making and amending acts on the State level.XXM for WSCA when Functional Changes are introduced (after the removal of e-Acts web service and addition of two new web services, WS_UnionOfIndia and WS_StateActs)Fig.The above figure shows the two newly added web services namely WS_UnionOfIndia and WS_StateActs.WSCA ChangesEach activation change will initiate a WSCA change at the business layer. WSCA changes may occur at the composition and service orchestration levels of a WSCA. For instance, a Dt change in the PI service may trigger inconsistencies in the WSCA composition, such as incorrect parameter data types. Alternatively, a Da change may disrupt WSCA service orchestration. We divide the WSCA changes into composition and service orchestration.Fig. WSCA Changes at business levelMapping of ChangesA Mapping spe cifies how changes in one layer correspond to changes in another layer 86. These mappings must remain consistent in the presence of frequent changes. When a change occurs at the service level, the business layer must react to manage the changes. Triggering changes have a reactiveimpact on the business layer of the WSCA.Our approach of mapping changes is based on mapping rules. These rules are based on the activation changes and their corresponding business level changes of WSCA. Some changes may have more than one rule associated with them. The rules are depicted in the matrix shown belowNon-Functional Changes Functional Changes Detection of Activation Services ChangesAlgorithm 1 Change Detection Algorithm1 ChangeDetection (Input oldDesc, newDesc)2 while newDesc do3 Compare (oldDescFunctional, newDescFunctional)4 if oldDescFunctional= newDescFunctional then5 GenerateXXM (FunctionalXXM)6 end if7 Compare (oldDescNonFunctional, newDescNonFunctional)8 if oldDescNonFunctional = newDescNo nFunctional then9 Threshold = CheckThreshold (oldDesc, newDesc)10 if Threshold then11 GenerateFSM(NonFunctionalFSM)12 end if13 end if14 end while15 ChangeReaction (FunctionalXXM, NonFunctionalFSM)Algorithm 2 Change Reaction Algorithm1 ChangeReaction (Input FunctionalXXM, NonFunctionalFSM)2 WSCAXXM = 3 while FunctionalXXM do4 WSCAXXM = Map (FunctionalXXM, WSCAXXM)5 end while6 while (NonFunctionalFSM) do7 WSCAXXM = Map (NonFunctionalFSM, WSCAXXM)8 end while9 while (NonFunctionalFSM) do10 if (WSCAXXM) then11 Execute (WSCAXXM)12 end if13 end whileAlgorithm 13 Change Management Algorithm1 ChangeManagement (Input executionTime, WSCA concrete service list)2 time = executionTime3 while time = 0 do4 for all each Web Service WSi in WSCA concrete service list do5 send alive message to WSi6 if not alive then7 remove WSi from WSCA concrete service list8 call (serviceSelection (abstractService (WSi)))9 break10 end if11 globalDescription = WSi servicedescription from Registry12 if serviceDescripti on (WSi) not equals globalDescription then13 remove WSi from WSCA concre